The district tobe developed integrally (Sagar district, M.P. in this case) consists of mostlyrural areas, so they natural deserve more and careful attention. Recently Icame across a book “Spatial Organization for Integrated Rural Development”, bySuresh Chand Rai. Regarding my assignment I found very relevant points there.Excerpts are presented here:-
“Identify the primary service centres and delimittheir service areas which are viable enough to support a package of servicesbenefiting all the village people”.
“General ServiceCentre Plan” (GSCP) and its accompanying linkage system whereby agriculturalpoints are integrated with the other sectoral minimum-need-points. (Roy,Pradipto, & Patil, B.R. 1977)
…. “ Acombination (of agriculture, industry, commerce, health, etc.) ensuringproduction of those goods and services that matter to the masses…….(and)diffusion of opportunities for production and employment, are the basicobjectives of rural development”. – C.Subramanium, 1976
1. GSCP (General Service Centre Plan)
a. Identification of locational and functional gaps.
(Every settlement having thepopulation threshold of a function must have that particular function)
b. The Spatial Integration and Functional Coordination.
[spatial integration refers to “anexercise in completing(functionally) anincomplete system (of settlements) and attempting to combine the differentparts of that (regional settlement) system in a coherent pattern. ( Sen L.K.,et.al. 1971)]
Functional coordination ofsettlements can well be realized through their functional hierarchy.
2. Agriculture and alliedResources Development Plan
a. Removal of physical andcultural constraints
Physical Constraints:-
Vagaries of nature,
Infertile soil,
Bad surface drainage, etc. and
Cultural Constraints:-
Bad tenure system (of local selfgovernance),
Fragmented holdings (i.e. smallagricultural plots per farmer)
b. Institutional and structuralchanges like land reforms. Ceiling on Land Holdings, Consolidation of Holdings
c. Adoption ofseed-fertilizer-irrigation technology, for increasing the agricultural produce.
3. Planning for IndustrialDevelopment
a. Agro-based Industries
i. Cooperative dairy farming
ii. Cooperative poultry farming
iii. Flour mill and power-ghani
iv. Agricultural implements repairworks.
b. Forest-Based Industries
i. Bidi-Making
ii. Saw-mill
iii. Paper-mill
c. Cotton-Weaving Industries
i. Durries
ii. Handloom
iii. Power loom
iv. Khadi
v. Spinning mills
d. Other small scale industries
i. General repair works
ii. Dyeing and printing
4. Planning for Socio-EconomicFacilities
a. Social facilities
i. Education
ii. Health
b. Economic Facilities
i. Agricultural facilities likeseed-fertilizer distribution cntres
ii. Commercial facilities likebanking and cooperatives
iii. Marketing facilities
1storder (wholesale mandi),
2ndorder (retail daily markets),
3rdorder (retail kirana shops)
iv. Veterinary Facilities
5. Man-power Organization,Environmental Control and Plan Implementation
a. Man-power planning
i. Self-employment (schemes needto be checked for efficiency)
ii. Food for work.
b. Women and rural youth indevelopment
Village sanitation, maintenance ofvillage roads, control of soil erosion, plantation of trees, etc can be takenup by Mahil Mandal, Nav-yuvak Mandal Dal, etc.
c. Rural Technology
i. Biogas
ii. Solar heater
iii. Water recycling
iv. Low-cost housing/ hay-boxes
d. Development of weaker sections
e. Cultural Development:- “Changes in social attitudes, concepts, beliefs, values and norms, etcprevalent in each society, which lead to the increased levels of consciousnessand aspirations” (Sundaran, K.V. et. al.)
f. Rural Housing
g. Floods and droughts
i. Dams
ii. Canals
h. Soil erosion and conservation
i. Embankments, etc. for checkingerosion
ii. Re-fertilizing the “usher” land
iii. Cultivating crops aftersoil-testing only.
i. Planning for socialforestry.
[Plants should be raised rapidly onall the available marginal lands, blank areas, road/canal-sides and gram-samajland. It will fulfill the purpose of maintaining the eco-balance, controllingthe soil-erosion, pollution, provision of fuel-wood, fodder, timber, fruits,etc.]
j. Plan Implementation and Management System
[ The conventional trickle-downtheory based on percolation-system has failed. So grass-root approach ofplanning should be emphasized upon.]
Identificationof growth poles is very important here, so that the whole district coulddevelop as a whole, integrally. Forthis we need to identify the urban or semi urban areas within the district.These semi-urban pockets (as coined by Harshad R. Trivedi) act as the catalyticpoints of development emanating from which the impulse of development willspark the growth in the adjoining and connected places. However Harshad Trivedifurther observes, “Semi-urban pockets provide a threat and challenge to theprogram of planned change in rural areasin so far as community development programs have overlooked the aspirations ofrural elites and needs of the under-privileged.”
Ref:
SpatialOrganization for Integrated Rural Development, by Suresh Chand Rai.
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